Ancient legends of
the Aymara tell us of Huayra Tata, god of wind, who commands the
breezes, winds, and blizzards that invade the mountains, cliffs and
hills of the Andean highlands. It is told that Huayra Tata resides deep
in the high peaks and valleys, abandoning them only to demonstrate his
power to his wife, Pachamama, goddess of mother earth. With his power
Huayra Tata was able to lift the waters from lake Titicaca and rain them
down on the fertile Pachamama. When Huayra Tata sleeps, the waters and
rivers lay quiet.
But the calm before the storm is about to be interrupted...
Design
The eternity of the element air. Gentle and refined, yet the
strength of the wind it is able to erode even the toughest of materials
giving birth to distinctive shapes known in nature. Elegant and muscular
the Huayra merges the past, present and future in a timeless
interpretation of automotive art.
The styling of the car was perfected over the course of 5 years to
find each line's beginning and end. During this study, eight scale
models were created, as well as two 1:1 models, each an evolution of the
previous in a never ending quest to perfect the form and refining the
substance.
The bi-xenon headlamps are just one of the many precious gifts from
the Zonda R, and LED daytime running lights are seamlessly integrated
in the elliptical shape of the design. The rear bumper integrates with
the diffuser and is dominated by an elliptical frame that surrounds the
four central exhaust outlets, now becoming a characteristic Pagani
element.
Backbone
he new central monocoque on the Huayra is an entirely new design
made from carbon-titanium. However, with the gull wing doors cutting
deep into the roof, much research was focused on achieving the highest
levels of rigidity through the application of new advanced composite
materials and technologies first tested on the Zonda R. The fuel tank is
located integrally in the best protected area of the monocoque, behind
the driver, reinforced by safety cell made of different composite and
ballistic materials. The front and rear CrMo subframes offer an
exceptional rigidity-to-weight ratio to allowing the suspensions to work
at their best while incorporating an advanced energy absorbing crash
structure, ready to protect the occupants in the unlikely event of an
impact.
The never ending quest for weight reduction resulted also into the
combination of structural and non-structural or aesthetical elements. An
example is the integration of all ventilation air ducts into the
monocoque's structure, making the use of additional parts and ducts
unnecessary.
The result of this attention to detail is a vehicle weighing 1.350 kg making the Huayra the lightest sportscar in its class.
Mercedes-AMG provides the heart for the Huayra. The 60 degree 12
cylinder turbocharged engine with a displacement of 5980 cm3 has been
developed not just to meet the strictest technical and quality
requirements, but also to give the car its many faces.
The calm and harmony of driving one of the world's most refined GT
car is interrupted when the driver calls upon the Huayra to unleash its
700 horsepower and 1000 Nm of torque. The turbos have been studied to
offer immediate response to the slightest throttle input, giving the
driver full control over the engine at any rpm and preventing unwanted
delays in the delivery of power.
The engine's systems have been designed and tested to stand up to
the most adverse conditions of temperature and performance. The Huayra
has been subjected to the highs of Death Valley and the lows of the
Arctic Circle. The two lateral radiators are positioned in the front to
guarantee the best cooling efficiency of the intercoolers placed over
the cylinder heads. Dry sump lubrication ensures an optimal oil feed to
the engine even when the car is subjected to the most extreme lateral
accelerations. It also regulates the oil flow so that only the necessary
amount of lubricant is actually pumped into the engine from the
external oil tank, reducing the friction caused by an excessive volume
of lubricant inside the engine sump. An oil/water heat exchanger reduces
warm-up times by heating the engine lubricant during cold start and
keeps engine coolant and lubricant levels at steady operational
temperatures. Extensive weight saving programs led to ingenious yet
simple solutions. In order to reduce hoses and connections as much as
possible is built directly to the engine. The intercooler covers serve
as expansion tanks to the low temperature circuit and the engine coolant
circuit. The vertical fins contribute to the cooling of the tanks.
The M158 engine is homologated to meet the strictest environmental
regulations, EU5 and LEV2. Despite the increase of power compared to the
other Mercedes-AMG V12 engines developed for Pagani, CO2 emissions as
well as the fuel consumption have been reduced, to make the Huayra class
leading amongst 12 cylinder sports cars with values that are respective
of much smaller vehicles in the market. The two stage fuel supply
system features two microprocessor controlled pumps feeding fuel to the
engine with the second pump only activated when necessary, thus reducing
the energy required to run the fuel pumps and eliminates the waste of
excessive fuel being transported and heated in the fuel lines. This
efficiency combined with a large 85 liter fuel tank ensure Huayra's
grand touring ability. As an homage to the decennial tradition of
Mercedes-AMG in building world class sports car engines, the M158
displays the historic AMG emblem on the intake manifold alongside the
name of the technician that assembled the engine by hand at the
Mercedes-AMG headquarters in Affalterbach, Germany.
The Titanium exhaust system has been engineered by
MHG-Fahrzeugtechnik and is a direct application of race proven
technologies on a high performance road car and the complete exhaust
weighs less than 10 kg. Hydroformed junctions are used to reduce
backpressure and guarantee a free flow of the exhaust gasses. Titanium
guarantees a low weight in the muffler area while Inconel guarantees
reliability on the parts of the exhaust more exposed to high
temperatures. Careful attention has been paid to the tuning of its
sound, which has led to a harmonic rumble at idle speeds with a hint of
the power that lies hidden at low speed and a deep thunderous growl of
motor and air, reminiscent of an airplane, at high speeds.
The power and prodigious torque generated by Huayra's V12 are
transferred to the wheels through a transverse sequential seven speed
gearbox and a dual plate clutch and the complete gearbox weighs only 96
kg. Keeping the weight of the rear overhang as low as possible has
been a priority as we aim for a neutral behavior at the limit. A further
benefit of this layout is a better behavior of the car during a rear
impact. A dual clutch system was evaluated but ultimately not selected
as it would have increased the weight by approximately 70kg, thus
negating any minor improvement in shift-time.
Xtrac already supplied the gearbox for the Zonda R and so it was
the natural choice for the development of a new high performance
gearbox. Xtrac's expertise in motorsports was obvious throughout the
design and material selection processes that resulted in the strongest
and
lightest gearbox possible suitable for road use, with a synchromesh box
that offers comfort levels a race car gearbox will never be able to
offer.
The suspension geometry has been designed to further enhance the
sure-footed nature already present in the Zonda on the longer wheelbase
Huayra. The individual suspension made with forged AvionAl double A-arms
have been tested extensively on the Zonda R program. Incorporated into
the wheel hub assemblies are cooling ducts that connect directly to the
support brackets, thus extending the reliability and lifespan of the
bearings. Pushrod operated adjustable Ohlins shock absorbers keep
everything under control and have been optimized for the dynamic
requirements of the vehicle.
"Power is nothing without control..."
Pirelli say "Power is nothing without control" and to assure
complete control for the driver Pirelli has developed the bespoke P Zero
tires, specifically for the Huayra. The Pirelli engineers were faced
with a demanding task, combining road holding for excitement behind the
steering wheel and lower rolling resistance to reduce CO2 emissions and
fuel consumption. These P Zero tires are built in a dedicated MIRS™
(Modular Integrated Robotized System) facility, dedicated to the
production of ultrahigh performance tires and are at the forefront of
what is technically possible, suited to top speeds above 370 kph as well
as to lateral forces exceeding 1,5 G.
Skin
The aerodynamic concept of the Huayra is that of a wing. The
vehicle can modify the properties of this wing by varying the front ride
height, which can be adjusted dynamically, and by adjusting the 4
control flaps on each of the four corners of the car. The goal is to
have a neutral vehicle behavior under all conditions and control body
roll via aerodynamic means. The behavior of the flaps is managed by a
dedicated control unit that is fed information from the ABS and ECU,
which pass information about the car's speed, yaw rate, lateral
acceleration, steering angle and throttle position.
The system improves aerodynamic efficiency in a variety of driving
conditions, where a low drag coefficient is not the determining factor.
During braking, for example, the rear flaps and the front suspension are
raised to counteract the weight transfer and balance the weight
distribution between front and rear axles, allowing a better use of the
rear brake force. Another vital design tenant for the Huayra project was
to ensure clean airflow over the body of the car. The shape of the two
engine air intakes behind the occupants shoulders are a tribute to the
supersonic aircraft of the late 1950s and 1960s, but also allow the
motor breath without disrupting the flow. The intake for the gearbox
radiator is located between the engine bay window and the carbon
clamshell of the rear bonnet, which provides an excellent airflow to the
radiator without having a substantial impact on aerodynamic drag. This
decision also led to the omission of a rear wing, replaced by the
movable flaps.
The flow of air through the car was also carefully studied. The
radiators are angled to contribute downforce and provide the best flow
for hot air to be extracted. Air from the central radiator is extracted
by vents on the front bonnet and trough the front wheelhouses. Air from
the side radiators is channeled to ducts cooling the brake discs and
wheel hubs. This air blows onto the brakes at a temperature of
approximately 50?C warming the brakes up when cold and improving the
first bite significantly. Lateral air outlets behind the front wheels
generate a negative pressure inside the wheelhouse providing efficient
extraction to lower the drag coefficient and generate downforce on the
front.
In addition to the downforce generated by the flaps and body, two
high negative pressure areas were designed into the shape of the
underbody and the diffuser at the rear, thus enhancing the aerodynamic
stability and guaranteeing the Huayra downforce under all circumstances.
As soon as the doors are closed the Huayra transports the occupants
to a new dimension; a world that pleases and surprises the senses.
Having everything at arm's length is not close enough for a vehicle with
the capabilities of the Huayra. Consequently, the driver will find all
primary functions directly on the steering wheel. The gearshift paddles
are mounted directly to the steering wheel so the driver never needs to
take his hands off the steering wheel. The seats provide both the
comfort to make long trips enjoyable as well as the lateral support
required when the g-forces build up on extreme driving.
A Pagani is able to present drivers with state of the art solutions
while still drawing on the rich history that precedes it. The ever
present emphasis is on a living breathing being rather than a digital
one. This can be seen in everything from the leather latches to the
toggle switches, but this ethos finds its purest expression in the
mechanical aluminum gearlever assembly, a monument to the art of the
manual gearshift; progress that does not deny the past. The aluminum
dashboard takes inspiration from the most complex swiss watch designs
and includes a central Multi-Function Display displaying performance
relevant information when SPORT mode is engaged and a trip computer when
the COMFORT mode is activated. The aluminum center console is machined
from one solid block of aluminum and features a clarinet style array of
mechanical switches controlling the HVAC system. The high definition
central touchscreen is the heart of the vehicle infotainment system,
controlling audio functions, satellite navigation, secondary vehicle
functions and Bluetooth phone.
To this date five prototypes have been built which have been
conducting road tests for the past 4 years. Currently, over half a
million kilometers have been covered by our prototypes and before
entering the US market we will have reached one million test kilometers.
Each prototype has been assigned to a specific development task. At
Mercedes-AMG one is used to develop drivability, and another is used for
emission development. One car is operated constantly by Bosch
Engineering for the application of ABS and advanced stability and
performance enhancement systems. Still another vehicle is used for
gearbox testing, and general vehicle dynamics development.
Safety
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